洪水(shui)(shui)淹沒了農田與村莊的同(tong)時，農業機械也(ye)遭受水(shui)(shui)災(zai)浸漬，洪水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)大量的泥沙及腐蝕性物，農用機械在(zai)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)長時間浸泡后，泥沙等雜質會滯留在(zai)機內(nei)(nei)，在(zai)摩擦表面會形(xing)成磨(mo)料，在(zai)通孔、通道內(nei)(nei)會形(xing)成阻塞，并腐蝕機件，必(bi)須(xu)進(jin)行全(quan)面拆(chai)卸、清洗(xi)、仔細檢查，認(ren)真清理(li)和檢修。

　　受水淹、浸漬(zi)后(hou)的(de)農業機(ji)械必須及(ji)時(shi)檢修,最大(da)限度地減少損(sun)失。現對幾主要農業機(ji)械被浸水后(hou)的(de)檢修作(zuo)簡述:

　　一、柴油機的維修與保(bao)養

　　由于(yu)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含有(you)大(da)量(liang)的泥(ni)(ni)(ni)沙(sha)及腐(fu)蝕(shi)性物(wu)質,柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)長時間浸泡(pao),泥(ni)(ni)(ni)沙(sha)等(deng)雜(za)質滯留(liu)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)內(nei),會在(zai)運動零(ling)件(jian)表面形成磨料,或(huo)造成孔道(dao)、通(tong)道(dao)阻塞,進而腐(fu)蝕(shi)機(ji)(ji)件(jian)。必(bi)須全面拆卸、檢查(cha)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)理。具體方(fang)法(fa):(1)用(yong)(yong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)將柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)外表的泥(ni)(ni)(ni)沙(sha)雜(za)質沖洗干(gan)凈(jing)(jing)(jing),并將柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)內(nei)的廢機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)、廢柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)和(he)冷(leng)卻水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)放(fang)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)。(2)設(she)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)棍棒、繩索等(deng)固定曲(qu)軸(zhou)飛輪、在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸未清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗前不得(de)使其轉(zhuan)動,以(yi)防氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸進入泥(ni)(ni)(ni)沙(sha)而拉傷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸。(3)拆下(xia)進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、油(you)(you)箱、噴油(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸罩、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸蓋、各(ge)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)和(he)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)濾(lv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)器(qi)(qi)、沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濾(lv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)器(qi)(qi)、油(you)(you)底殼,機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)集濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)部(bu)件(jian)。并用(yong)(yong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)潔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)洗凈(jing)(jing)(jing),各(ge)類紙質濾(lv)芯(xin)、紙墊(dian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)予更換。(4)用(yong)(yong)毛刷(shua)蘸(zhan)汽油(you)(you)(或(huo)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you))洗凈(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)沙(sha),再折(zhe)出(chu)活(huo)塞連(lian)桿組進行清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗。(5)缸套、活(huo)塞環、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)門及氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)門座圈若有(you)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)予除(chu)銹(xiu)或(huo)研(yan)磨,銹(xiu)蝕(shi)嚴重和(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)更新(xin)(xin)件(jian)。(6)分解(jie)噴油(you)(you)泵、噴油(you)(you)器(qi)(qi)、輸油(you)(you)泵、并用(yong)(yong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)潔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗,柱塞副、出(chu)油(you)(you)閥副、針閥副三(san)大(da)精(jing)密(mi)偶(ou)件(jian)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)輕微的,可涂(tu)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)互(hu)研(yan),互(hu)研(yan)后銹(xiu)跡仍不能消除(chu)的應(ying)(ying)(ying)予更新(xin)(xin)。(7)用(yong)(yong)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)徹底清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗曲(qu)軸(zhou)箱、機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)泵、機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)散熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)、正時齒(chi)輪室、曲(qu)軸(zhou)頸(jing)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)化油(you)(you)腔等(deng),保證潤滑油(you)(you)路暢通(tong)。(8)用(yong)(yong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱散熱(re)器(qi)(qi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)套、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)沙(sha)雜(za)質,并用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)筒或(huo)壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吹凈(jing)(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)孔中(zhong)的雜(za)質。(9)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗疏通(tong)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)上的通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)貯油(you)(you)作用(yong)(yong)的各(ge)通(tong)孔、小孔,認真檢查(cha)各(ge)配(pei)(pei)合析有(you)無(wu)損壞,并及時更換。(10)擦凈(jing)(jing)(jing)零(ling)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)表面,并在(zai)配(pei)(pei)件(jian)表面涂(tu)上清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)潔機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you),按技術要求組裝好(hao)發動機(ji)(ji),加足柴(chai)(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)、機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)和(he)冷(leng)卻水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。(11)裝后啟(qi)動試運轉(zhuan),檢查(cha)有(you)無(wu)漏油(you)(you)、漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)現象,有(you)無(wu)異(yi)常(chang)響聲(sheng),若有(you)異(yi)常(chang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)立(li)即停(ting)機(ji)(ji)檢查(cha)排除(chu)。

　　二、拖拉機的維修(xiu)與保養

　　拖(tuo)拉機動力部分即柴油(you)機要(yao)按上(shang)(shang)述(shu)方法檢修(xiu),底盤及(ji)電(dian)氣(qi)設備檢修(xiu)前,先(xian)用(yong)(yong)清水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)凈拖(tuo)拉機外表(biao)的(de)(de)泥(ni)沙,污(wu)垢,再作(zuo)如下檢修(xiu):①拆卸離合(he)器,清除(chu)(chu)(chu)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)雜(za)物(wu),若(ruo)離合(he)器花鍵(jian)軸銹蝕,應(ying)用(yong)(yong)砂(sha)布(bu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)銹,使(shi)從(cong)動盤能在(zai)(zai)花鍵(jian)軸上(shang)(shang)靈(ling)活移動,然后(hou)用(yong)(yong)油(you)漬清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)離合(he)器軸承加注潤滑脂(zhi)潤滑。②放(fang)去變(bian)箱(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)后(hou)橋內(nei)齒輪(lun)油(you),加入(ru)適量柴油(you),支起后(hou)橋,啟動發動機(或用(yong)(yong)快速(su)轉動是懸空(kong)的(de)(de)驅(qu)動輪(lun))用(yong)(yong)一檔和(he)(he)飼倒喧動各(ge)齒輪(lun)轉3～5分鐘(zhong),然后(hou)放(fang)出清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)油(you),若(ruo)放(fang)出的(de)(de)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)油(you)中含泥(ni)沙雜(za)質較(jiao)多(duo),應(ying)再洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一遍,直(zhi)至除(chu)(chu)(chu)凈箱(xiang)(xiang)體內(nei)泥(ni)沙,然后(hou)再按規定(ding)加入(ru)新齒輪(lun)油(you)。③拆制(zhi)動系(xi)(xi)有關零件(jian),清除(chu)(chu)(chu)制(zhi)動系(xi)(xi)內(nei)的(de)(de)泥(ni)水(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)雜(za)物(wu),并(bing)用(yong)(yong)汽油(you)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)制(zhi)動總泵、分泵、摩擦片,更換制(zhi)動液;若(ruo)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是氣(qi)壓(ya)制(zhi)動,應(ying)放(fang)去貯(zhu)氣(qi)筒內(nei)的(de)(de)積(ji)水(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)汽油(you)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氣(qi)泵,制(zhi)動控制(zhi)閥(fa)及(ji)空(kong)氣(qi)濾清器。④對清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)后(hou)轉向系(xi)(xi),行走系(xi)(xi)及(ji)其它附件(jian)要(yao)注油(you)潤滑,使(shi)各(ge)配合(he)件(jian)運動靈(ling)活無卡滯。⑤用(yong)(yong)毛刷(shua)蘸(zhan)汽油(you)刷(shua)除(chu)(chu)(chu)各(ge)電(dian)氣(qi)接線(xian)柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)污(wu)物(wu)。若(ruo)接線(xian)柱(zhu)、接頭銹蝕,應(ying)用(yong)(yong)砂(sha)布(bu)打磨并(bing)焊牢;發電(dian)機、自動機、電(dian)喇叭、雨刮器、各(ge)儀表(biao)應(ying)拆卸清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),若(ruo)有損壞應(ying)更換,受水(shui)(shui)侵泡(pao)后(hou)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池應(ying)予更換。⑥拖(tuo)拉機上(shang)(shang)有許多(duo)起平(ping)衡氣(qi)壓(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)氣(qi)孔(kong)(如變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)、橋殼、液壓(ya)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)、蓄(xu)電(dian)池等蓋)在(zai)(zai)受洪水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)泡(pao)后(hou)極易堵塞,應(ying)注意疏通(tong)(tong)。⑦檢修(xiu)完畢(bi)后(hou)開動拖(tuo)拉機,看底盤有無反常現(xian)象(xiang),發現(xian)故障應(ying)立即排除(chu)(chu)(chu)。

　　三、電動機的維修與保養

　　(1)農用(yong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機浸水(shui)后,應先用(yong)清水(shui)沖洗其外表的泥沙。(2)拆下(xia)電(dian)機端閏和(he)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)帶輪(lun)(lun)。若帶輪(lun)(lun)銹(xiu)死在軸(zhou)上,可浸油,用(yong)噴燈(deng)加(jia)熱帶輪(lun)(lun),并用(yong)水(shui)淋澆電(dian)機軸(zhou),待(dai)帶輪(lun)(lun)熱脹(zhang),與軸(zhou)配合變松后立即用(yong)拉(la)力(li)器(qi)拉(la)出。(3)抽(chou)出轉(zhuan)干后,用(yong)毛(mao)刷(shua)(shua)蘸汽油刷(shua)(shua)除軸(zhou)承、轉(zhuan)干,定(ding)子(zi)(zi)及滑環上的泥沙污物。(4)蝦罅(xia)欄?用(yong)萬用(yong)表檢查定(ding)子(zi)(zi)和(he)轉(zhuan)干線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)有無斷線(xian)(xian)路(lu)、短路(lu)、開焊現象,若有應找出短路(lu)、斷路(lu)部(bu)位(wei),并更換線(xian)(xian)組(zu)或(huo)重(zhong)焊。(5)采用(yong)烘烤干燥法、熱風(feng)干燥法或(huo)燈(deng)泡照射法烘干定(ding)子(zi)(zi)、線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(注(zhu)間干燥溫(wen)度不得超(chao)過100℃,以免損壞絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料),直至用(yong)兆毆(ou)表測(ce)量(liang)其絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻大于0.5兆毆(ou)為止。(6)向電(dian)機軸(zhou)承加(jia)注(zhu)潤滑脂,依次裝(zhuang)復電(dian)機各零件,并進行啟動(dong)(dong)試運轉(zhuan)。